TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts
AU  - Matthew K. Nock
AU  - Guilherme Borges
AU  - Evelyn J. Bromet
AU  - Jordi Alonso
AU  - Matthias C. Angermeyer
AU  - Annette L. Beautrais
AU  - Ronny Bruffaerts
AU  - Wai Tat Chiu
AU  - Giovanni de Girolamo
AU  - Semyon Gluzman
AU  - Ron de Graaf
AU  - Oye Gureje
AU  - Josep María Haro
AU  - Yueqin Huang
AU  - Elie G. Karam
AU  - Ronald C. Kessler
AU  - J.P. Lépine
AU  - Daphna Levinson
AU  - María Elena Medina‐Mora
AU  - Yutaka Ono
AU  - José Posada‐Villa
AU  - David R. Williams
PY  - 2008
JO  - The British Journal of Psychiatry
DO  - 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040113
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040113
AB  - BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, the prevalence and risk factors for the immediate precursors to suicide - suicidal ideation, plans and attempts - are not wellknown, especially in low- and middle-income countries. AIMS: To report on the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behaviours across 17 countries. METHOD: A total of 84 850 adults were interviewed regarding suicidal behaviours and socio-demographic and psychiatric risk factors. RESULTS: The cross-national lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts is 9.2% (s.e.=0.1), 3.1% (s.e.=0.1), and 2.7% (s.e.=0.1). Across all countries, 60% of transitions from ideation to plan and attempt occur within the first year after ideation onset. Consistent cross-national risk factors included being female, younger, less educated, unmarried and having a mental disorder. Interestingly, the strongest diagnostic risk factors were mood disorders in high-income countries but impulse control disorders in low- and middle-income countries. CONCLUSION: There is cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behaviours, but strong consistency in the characteristics and risk factors for these behaviours. These findings have significant implications for the prediction and prevention of suicidal behaviours.
ER  -